Are there any documentation or resources for programming the Pololu 3pi+ 32u4 (OLED Version) robot? I’m specifically looking to learn how to control its movements, such as moving a certain distance forward and backward, making right and left turns, etc.
If you want to do closed-loop speed/position control you could implement a PID controller that processes the encoder feedback. If you are new to PID control, you might consider the Arduino PID library. This PID speed control tutorial on YouTube might be a good starting point for too (the behaviors you described involve position control instead of speed control, but the overall idea is similar).